Boiler



J. KINDERVATER 1,775,464

r B OILER Filed Nov, 24, 1925 s sheets-sheet 1 N INVENToR: cfa Zim) Q'mde'fvaQQ-j BY r l ATTORNEY L o. o ...A ..1 i.

Sept. 9, 1930.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 P o m l. www www 4 v. W (a k IN VEN TOR.'

JIGNDERVATER BOILER Filed Nov. 24, 1925 M Kuzdfafef, K

, BY l E n Q l ATTORNEY.

Sept. 9, 1930.

Sept. 9, 1930. J. KINDERVATER BOILER.

s sheets-sheet :s

Filed Nov. 24, 1925 @@@QQQQQ @@@QQ @@@QGQ @@@fc QQ@ C) @QQ @@@Q @@@QQQQ INVENTOR: ha Z'Qzalywafef;

Patented Sept.` 9, `193() UNITE@ smsjes `intrus Kiiinnnvariin, or new venir, iv.` Y.

BoiLER Application filed November 24, 1925. Serial No. 71,1?1.

This inventionrelates to boilers and `particularly to boilers designed for use on lecce motives. More particularlythe invention rclates to improvements in combined Water-tube and lire-tube locomotive boilers fof that basic type shown `in my prior Patent No. 9-l0,l83, dated January 19, 1909, wherein the lireboic is i'ormed,` and the heating surtaceoi` the hoileris increased and higher efficiency ob-` 10 tained, by the use of upper'and lower drums extending between front and rear Water chambers or legs, and Water-tubes `associated with said drums Vand Water legs, said tubes being so arfanged that sets or rows oi' the tubes `themselves form certain Walls of the lire-box, and said parts as a Whole being so operatively combined as to constitutein conjunction with a grate or its equivalent the boiler tire-box per se With which the lire-tubes communicate inthe usual manner, WherebT a maximum water heating andsteam gener? ating surface `is presentedtlo the heat of the fuel and products of combustion, freer Water circulation and the more rapid generacreasesqtjhe heating of the boiler. i i.

Another object o't my invention is to vide a boiler of greater in usewhich is cheaper prosiinplicity than those of construction.7 `and ini'vliich the cost of maintenance is reducedhv Still another object of the invention is to provide a boiler giving a still better ilovv for maximum freedom of circulation of Water and steam and the feed ot the steam to the superheater elements and cylinders, and in y which more ready access'is aiforded to all parts :For convenience in inginalzing repairs, etc."

tion otsteainat higherpressureobtained, and7 One object of my present invention is', to" i provide a construction which stilliurtherinsurface and the eilicienoy` inspection, cleaii- `Still another object o provide `a boiler in Wh natedY Still another objectA o er serios' it the invention is to Y ich the use ot staybolts may be 'largely it notentirely elinii# the invention is to improve generally upon and to further increase the efficiency-ot b With these and other invention consists Oilers of this type.`

obyects in View, the

`in thenovel features ot coiistruction, combination and arrangement `ot parts, hereinafter fully described and cla" drawings, in which z Figure l is a central ied, and as shown in t e accompanying longitudinal section through my improved boilerand nre-box, the grate beingv omitted for clearness.

Figure 2 is a transverse section taken sub` stanti lly on the line 22 ot Figure li Figure 3` is a transver se section taken substantially on" the line of Figure l.

Figure lis a detail horizontalsection taken substantially on the line Referring now more elf-4l of Figure l,

par icularly to the drawings, l designatesthe forward barrel or eed-water-heater portion and 2 `the' rear steam-generator or lire-box portionj ofthe boiler, said boiler portions being joined at their point oi" connection legv 3 and the steam-generator or tire-boi; pon

tion 2 having at i sheet G, said sheets bein ,o rear end the rear Water ledig` d. As specifically showin the Jiront Water leg 3 comprises a front sheet 5 and a baclttlue united at their `outer dges to a continuous annular foundation ring 7, While the rear Water leg e comprises a door sheet 8 and a baclr sheet 9, `united at their outer edges to a continu ous annular foundation ring 10. By the use of these continuous annular.foundation rings 7 and l0, to which.

the sheets are riveted, Welded "orotlierwise suitably secured, the sho i. ou

of each Water leg are held properly and firmly spaced at all points about their cured. The sheet 5 is il margins and greater strength and siniplioityfof construction seanged outward at 5a to receive and overlap the rear edge of the barrel portion l, which is riveted or other- Wise secured thereto, While the sheet 6 is formed inline with the iirebox with an openingll, the marginal W all ot which is outbyA the front Water y turned to form flange 1Q which overlaps and is riveted or otherwise suitably secured to the rearwardly extending flange 13 of a flue sheet 141 aperturcd to receive and support the rear ends of the lire-tubes 15, disposed within the barrel portion 1 in the usual manner. The flue sheet is thus offset slightly in a forward direction from, but is arranged to lie close to and substantially in Vthe plane of, the rear sheet 6 of the front water leg, and wholly in the plane of said water leg. By this construction and mode of mounting and arranging the flue sheet 1li, and by forming the combustion chamber within the lire-box portion 2, as hereinafter described, the use of a combustion chamber extending forwardly into the barrel portion 1 is avoided, thus enabling longer lire-tubes and suprheater tubes to be used with the result of securing greater heating surface. The flue sheet section l furthermore, made of novel form, being curved on the arc of a semi-circle at its base and sides and on an elliptical arc at its top, giving a great, einanso of suracc both vertically and transversely for the formation of flue holes, so that a la Y number of liretubes may be used and the heating surface further increaed.

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This general construction of all the parts above-described is of further advantage in simplifying the construe tion to a material degree and obvialing complei: and expensive flanging of plates, ensures a staunch and durable connection of the parts, and eliminates the use of the numerous stay-bolts commonly en'iplojf'ed. Flangcd portions of the sheets S an 9 aie su. biy formed and lapped to provide a fuel opening 1a.

lVhile the sheets G and 1l are described separate sheets, combined as forth, it is to se understood that, within the. broad aspect of the invention, these sheets ray be regarded as one, except when otherwise specilically designated in the claims, the part t3 being` in effect the body of the sheet and the part 14 an oil'setportion thereof, which, for greater convenience of manufacture, separately formed and united to produce the structure shown and described. Also, while l have described the boiler portion 2 as a steamgenerator or lire-box portion, it is lo be understood that under such tein or terms to be contemplated any heat gener ator or heating chaniber forming a whole a continuous fire-box or which encloses or includes both a lire-box:7 and a so-called eouibustion-chambei". It 'is further to be understood that, within the broad aspect of the. invention and except when specifically designated in the claims, the barrel 1 and water leg 3, separately or conjointly, provide a water cl'iamber, which may be so termed, at the front oic the steam generator, while the water leg 4l or its equivalent in structure and function, provides a water chamber, which may be so termed, at the rear of the steam-generator.

Extending between the front and rear water legs are a pair of upper drums 1G and a pair of lower drums 17. By reference to Figure 2, it will be seen that the upper drums are larger than the lower, and are disposed relatively close together, while the lower drums are located at the ext-renie sides of the boiler. This arrangement of the lower drums, while not absolutelyv essential, preferable, as it permits of great width of lireboX between the lower drums, and at the same time produces a structure which conforms to the standard shape of the locomotive type of boiler. The method of connecting these drums with the water legs may vary, but the structure shown is preferred as one embody*l ing simplicity with great strength and rigidity of connection. As shown, sheet (i of the front water leg 3 and sheets 8 and of the rear water leg 4lare cut out to form openings to respectively receive the front and rear ends of each drum 16, and the walls of said openings are turned out to form annular flanges 18 which encircle the drum and are properly fastened thereto. Brackets 19 may also be provided and fastened to the drums and to the barrel and also, if desired, to the outer plates or casing of the lire-boi; to assist in supporting the drums and to more rigidlyY fasten these parts together. rlhe 'forward ends of the drums 16 are fully open and extend through the leg 3 and beyond the saine and well into the circun'iferential course ol" the barrel portion 1, in order that such rigidity of connection may be made, as well. as to carry the steam forvard to a desirable point and with great rapidity and facilitv. The rear end of each drum 16, which passes entirely through the rear water leg el, terminates substantially flush with the outer edge of the flange 18 of the sheet 9, and in that portion of the drum lying beween the sheets 8 and 9, and within the water leg d, are formed openings 20, extending entirely around the drum and serving to establish communication between said drum and said water leg. ,llach drinn 16 is closed at its rear end by a reinovable head or cover plate 21 o't' suitable construction, and bolted or otherwise suitably fastened in position, on removal of which a convenient manhole will be formed, through which ready access may be had for inspection, cleaning and repairs. Both sheets 5 and 6 of the front water leg 3 and both sheets 8 and 9 of the rear water leg #l are cut out to form Openings to respectively receive the front and rear ends of each lower drum l?, and the walls of these openings are out-turned to form flanges 22. The ends of each drum 17 are encompassed by these flanges anc are suitably fastened thereto, and the front and rear ends of said drum respectively extend through the water legs 3 and 4 and termii nate flushlwithlthe outer edgesgof'the flanges 22 of the sheets 5` and 9. The portions of theseLdrum ends which. are enclosed in the fmA ` 1, from the wall `of which. opening the fiangc az'extendd and the base of which opening lieslabove the horizontal plane of the drums 1'( and Ythe grate 26. VViththis construction thegdruins 16 and all water tubes openinginto the barrel through the sheet 6 will connnunicate directly-with the barrel for "the-incre direct, .rapiddandirfreer flow of water and steanifthan would be the case if there were inhibiting obstructions, while` at the saine tirnethelowerdrums 17 Lare niade to coininunicate `withkrma depressed portion oi the water `leg Slying below the plane of the base ofv the `barrelanjd `the horizontal line of grate, `said depressed drum portion thus f` s ing a transversewell'extending` between the forward ends 4.of the v drums 17 whereby such ends ofthe drums-are connected by a somewhat restricted channelv with thebarrel and c receive the cooler water therefrom. By such provision and arrangeinentof this restricted channel a more regular and even fiow of the water at proper temperaturefrom the barrel to the drums 17,' and watertubes connected therewithlwill be obtained and undesirable .surgingor jetting in `the water heating and stealn` generating channels under waterhead and steam pressures inthe barrel pren ed.

It Vwill be observed that Vthe grate which g may` be supportedin position in any preferred manner, and the `drums `17 respectively form the base `and the.lowerportionsof the side walls, ofthe fire-box, which is closed at its top by the drums 16 and an intervening layen of `fire brick or other heat-resisting material 27 closing the space between said drums above their horizontalcenters. Below this layer 27` is arranged a groupofhorizontal water-` tubes 28 beaded into the sheets (i and 8 andv extending between thejwater legs Sand 4l, these tubes being located in the space between said drums below their horizontal. centers and coacting therewith to form thel upper or crown wall of the iire-bozr or fire-box` and i: combustioncharnber. The tubes act further as` a support forthe insulating` layer 2T, whichprevents upward passage of the heat between the drums and tubes and deflects and concentrates the deflected heatagainst said tubes the adjacent sides of the druins.` ,c

i `'Extending between each upper drumdand its `corresponding lower drum are c water`.

tubes 29 and 30, 4beaded into the drums. These tubes are disposed in rows` (two rows being shown) and may or may not have their ends swaged or reduced, asfound desirable. Although they are so shown in the draw ings, it is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited to thisconstruction. It ishowever. desirable that the tubes 3() of the outer row should lie as close together` as possible.

To this end7 therefore, I taper'or the ends of these tubes to any suitable amount which will adapt the tube ends to be fitted proper holes in the drums while allowing the adjacent sides of the tubes of the row to closely abut insuch manner as to forni a solid wall of tubesiSO at each `side of the fire-box- As shown,` the holes 31 in the drums `whichreceive the ends ofthe tubes 29 may be spaced to set said tubes a desired distance aparti` while the holes 32 `in the drums which receive the ends of the tubes 30 are set much closertogether. .i The two outer rows of contacting tubes 3() arranged.

asdescribed, therefore, i form the side. walls of the fire-box `chamber and the tubes 29 rows of tubeswhich` are arranged on the inner sides of these walls vand spaced w1threlation thereto and to each other, ,this spacing being such that thefheated products of coinbustion may pass between the rows of tubes v29 and 30 and between the tubes of the 'row` 29l The tubes 30`may` be covered by outer plates 32a between which and the tubes inay `be placed a layer of suitable insulating 1naterial 32, and such plates and insulating ina-` i terial may be carried entirely i around the` fire-box structure to provide van outer enclosing aclet or shell.` By spacing the upper drums fairly well apart drunis of larger diameter maybe used, the width of the fireb'oX atthe top isincreased. provision inade for the placement of the horizontal tubes 28,

the inclination of the tubes 29 and" 30 rer-` duced, and very little bending of these tubes required. These tubes 29 and 30 niay, in fact, if desired. be disposed in vertical planes at opposite sides `of the fire-box beyond the line of thefouter sides of the upper drums, requiring the inward bending of their upper' ends only to connect with the upper drum, so that additional space'will be afforded betweenthe opposite rows of tubes 29 for the reception of a/header or intermediate auxiliary water leg anda seriesof auxiliary tubes, as hereinafter described, and in order to secure a better circulation of the flaines andA products of combustion from the Vfuel in the grate whereby greater heating eiiiciency is obtained. Between the waterlegs' andl iis each drum 17 is provided with spaced. bottoni wall portions but is otherwise normallyV open, the open portions being` closed oy, de-

tachableucaps or cover plates Y34 secured in` iso position by bolts 3i 9 The wall portions no carry drain plugs 3e', for draining off loose sediment and impuri ies when desired. Upon ren'ioval of the cover plates and plugs the lower ends of allv the tubes and 30 may be exposed for inspection and for ready convenience in making repairs, etc. Such exposure of the tube ends will also permit of the use of raices or of turbine or other cleaners being used to scrape the above-mentioned tubes or to peri. said tubes or the entire circulating system to be washed out for the removal of scale or other impurities when required.

A depending vertically disposed header, water-table baffle or auxiliary water-leg 37 is arranged transversely of the fire-box beneath the drums 16 with its ends terminating` above the drums 17. This header or auxiliary water leg is positioned near the front of the firebox adjacent to but some little distance in rear of the rear sheet 6 of the water leg 3. This header is provided atits top with hollow spaced brackets 38 riveted to the bottoms of the respective drums 16, and each forming a passage or channel comn'iunicating with the drum to which it is attached through a plurality of openings 39 in the drum wall. Extending longitudinally through the fire-box are horizontal rows of auxiliary water-tubes 40 connecting at their rear ends with the water leg 4 and at their front ends with the header 37. As shown, the tubes of these rows are spaced for passage of the products of combustion bztween them but are staggered in arrangement in order that the products of combustion in passing between them must talre sinuous or circuitous courses, and as these tubes are located centrally of the fire-box, where the temperature is highest, they will be heated to an intense degree. The tubes are also preferably inclined at a slight upward and rearward angle between the water legs 3T and 4 in order to facilitate the travel of the generated steam while slightly retarding the iiow of the water for a most eilicient time period of action of the heat thereon, thereby securing rapid generation of steam within a short range of travel of the water. Through this arrangement of the tubes 40 and their mode of connection with the drums 16 and 17 and water legs 4 and 37, and the described association of the drums 1G and 17 and tubes 29 and 30, a compact organization of water circulating and steam generating surfaces is produced which ensures free How of the water and steam and release of the latter as fast as generated, a sufficient retardation in the flow of the water to ensure its rapid generation into steam without undue water travel or water lag, and the transmission of the heat to a most extensive heating surface the elements of which are so combined and arranged as to utilize to a most eiiicient degree all of the available heat for heating the water and generating steam.

A second set of horizontal water-tubes 41, arranged at equidistant intervals across the tire-box, connect at their forward ends with the sheets 6 and communicate with the base or well portion of the front leg 3, and said tubes thence extend rearwardly at an upward angle through the fire-box to the door sheet S to which their rear ends are connected, said ends communicating with the rear water leg 4. Supported by these tubes is a similarly inclined baffle plate or fire wall 42 of lire-brick or other suitable refractory material. This baffle plate extends transversely between the rows of tubes 29 and longitudinally fiom the base of the forward end of the fire-box a distance rearwardly from two-thirds to threefourths the length of the fire-box, its rear end abutting the lower tubes 40 and terminating in advance of the rear water leg 4 to provide an intervening passage 43 for the upflow of the products of combustion from the grate. The baie plate protects the sheets G and 14 and the header 3'? from the concentrated heat of the flames and directs the flow of the flames and products of combustion through a sinuous course in order that a most efficient application of the heat to the heating surfaces may be obtained. This course of flow of the flames and products of combustion is indicated by the arrows in Figure 1, from which it will be seen that the products iiow upwardly and rearwardly from the bed of fuel on the grate toward the rear of the tire-boX, upward through the passage 43 and between the tubes 40 and against the surfaces of the drums 16 and tubes at the rear of the fire-box, and thence forward toward the front water leg 3, a portion of the products flowing straight forward along the surfaces of the drums 17 and tubes over the top of the header 37 and down into a combustion or flue chamber 44 formed between the flue sheet 14, the header and the forward end of the baffle plate 42, and the remainder of the products flowing forwardly along the tubes 40, against the rear wall of the header 37, which acts as a baflie at this point, and thence downwardly into the chamber 44 through the passage 45 formed between the base of the header 37 and baHle plate 42, the frames and products thus entering the chamber 44 striking against the flue sheet 14 and iowing through the fire tubes 15. Thus all of the water heating and steam generating surfaces of the fire-box will be subjected either to the direct heat of the bed of fuel or to the intense heat of the flames and products of combustion therefrom in such a manner that a very large proportion of the available heat will be efliciently utilized for the continuous and rapid generation of steam in large volume and at high pressure, that proportion of heat not utilized for steam generation in the lirebox serving, on its passage through the fire lll) tubes or units disposed in certain of thejtubes 115" in the usual W Waste e of heat from vthe ""fuelis, therefore, reduced to the minimum and a high-ehiciencylocomotive boiler of eco-` l nomiteal type, in both lconstruction and oper'A tioniprodueed ,-`-and` one vvvhich the genera'- tion of superheated steam athlgh Working e ten'iperature asrapidly as needed for the largestand highestfpotvered locomotives is` assured at acomparatively low operating cost. "lt lwill observed that this boiler construe# tion is such "that itmay beemployed Without niodiiication "for the use therewith of steam supjerheating elements ofllmown efficiency `andfstandard type,'vvhioh superheater elements may be employed Without variation from those usedin' common practice, a very important and desirable feature of this `invention, as will be readily understood and appreciated by those Vversed in tl'ieart` f "llhe described arrangement of the headerbaille' 3T` is, furthermore, of advantage for regulation of the draft.l `The location of the header adjacent tothe entrances of the firetubes or iiues'l checksthe draft at this point, but'this is compensated for ,by the provision of the'chamber 44 and the increase in the nume berijof lire-tubes permitted the construction of flue` sheet 14` previously described. `Induced bythe draft fromthe stack thereis tendency for the formation of a partial vacuu m in thechamber at the entrance toftheltubes 15, as a result of which a power-` ful draftvvill be created at this point, through whiclifdouble draft action thecombustionof the fuel: and Circulation of the gases in the lireyliox Will be promoted and the flow of the gases atample velocity through the tubes 15 ensured.V `It Willbe' understood, of course,

that by making the fine sheet 14 independent of the inner sheet of the front Waterleg and seeuring it thereto e as ,setV forth, such flue sheetnn'iay be-of metal thicker than the body of theiinner sheet or ofa metal of greater heat resistivity than thefnietal of the body of the `inner sheet. fln either case a flue :sheet of e greater durability thanthe sheet body may beused `so that thellue sheet maybe placed at the front of the iirebox Without liability of itsmore or less rapid disintegration under the intense heat of the products of combustion from the fuel.. This allows'the combustion chamber to be disposedat thefront of and Within, the lire-box instead of forming it as a special chamber projecting forwardly beyond the front Waterlleg and into the barrel. As a result the barrellis givengreaterwater cone i taining capacity and the heat concentrated `to a greater extent in the fire-box and. longer fire' tubes andsuperheater tubes may be used. flheiiue sheet varrangement described also permits of the disposition of the header 3'( at Vset forth:` e u e though arranged at thev front of the combusthe rear of the combustion chamber V44 so as tol form a Wall thereofand a shield to protect "the sheets 6 and 14 to a Vlarge extent Vfrom the more intense heat of the flames, as Well as the i.

spacing of theheader with relationto the l sheet 14 to `form a chamber 44 of correotslze andto secure the beneficial draft-action above Furthermore, the sheet 14,

tion chamber, is at the same timedisposed in the front Water-leg, the sheet v1s protected also by the cooling action of Water of atem- Y perature sufficiently low to prevent it from being unduly heated and yet suffoientlyhigh to prevent undue cooling and warping or oracle ing of the sheet,`\vhereby allthe aforesaid advantages are secured 4While the life period ofusefulness of the flue sheet is prolonged. 4'llt is regarded a: `:.esirable to omit theuse of tubes 29 between the `ends `of theheader 3? and flue sheet 14, and to correspondingly omit the same number of tube receiving openings 31 inthe drums lil and l?. (See Figures 1 anc. By this means the base por# tions of the ends of the headerff maybe extended laterally beyond the linesof the tubes 29 to cover lthe full distance between the tubes 30 fora moreoflicient baiiiing action. rlhis also allows anopening 31 tobe placed in each drum in line With the openine's 31 to receive the ends of the tubes 37` vwhich'will thus lie in line with the tubes 22X The omission of the tubesl at the sides of the chamber inadjvance of the headerl and i bet-Ween the same and the sheet 14 further allows freer flowof the products of combustion over the surfaces of the tubes 3G lying in advance "of the header 3'? fully up to the sheet 14, Well as the mingling of the currents of the products of combustion in the direction, so tact corners passages will beformed between the outer ends of the header and brackets 3S and `the tubes 30, as Well as between the brackets 38, for the flow of the products of combustion overtheends of the header and centrally over thetop thereof in order that all surfaces of the drums 16, tubes 8 and 30, and the header 37 may be effectually heated.

fr tube 4G extends between and beaded at its ends in the sheets 6 and 7 and connects the Water legs `3 and 4. rllhis tube is comparatively large diameter, of much largerdiameter than the other Water tubes, and is preferably placed at the highest point in the center line of the boiler above and on a line between the drums 1G. This tube is consequently arranged above the water-level, which is normally in the region of the center line oit the drums i6, and serves as a high level steam conductor to facilitate and promote the rapid `feed of the generated steam from the generator to the barrel 1, from which all the generated steam is conducted in any suitable manner to the usual super-heater header. The tube '-iG further acts as a relie't conductor to allow 'free transference of any surge water from one part of the system to another, thus preventing any interference with the normal water iiow or forward feed 01"' steam as fast as generated.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and mode of operation of my improved higli-eiliciency locomotive boiler will be readily understood, and it will be seen that the invention provides a combined watertube and fire-tube boiler which ensures economy of construction, operation and mainte nance of the locomotive, enables steam to be generated rapidly and without the heat losses and se-rvice objections inherent in locomotive boilers of ordinary type. rIhis boiler also dispenses with complex and expensive flanging of parts and obviates the use of the multiplicity of stays commonly employed and frequent and expensive repair work incidental to the use thereof. Substantial economy in the use of fuel is also obtained.

I have retained in this improved construcf tion ot boiler a feature of importance disclosed in my prior Patent 910,133, referred to, in that the structure or" the fire-box as a steam generator permits use of the barrel and its lire. tubes or i'lues l5 as a i'eed water heater, the water in which is heated from said 'lues, thus providing tor the economical heating oi iieed water in large volume for ii'ninediateuse in the generation oit steam. rlie provision made for the use or' a larger number or tubes l5 is et great advantage in allowing of the heating oi this feed water without reducingl the amount of .heal available tor superheating purposes, as will be readily understood.

Having thus fully described my inii'ention, I claim l. In a boiler, iront and rear water legs, a pair of upper drums and a pair of lower drums conununicating with said water i vertical tubes connecting each. upper di with a lower drinn, a header c' )osed between the water legs and communicating with both upper drums, and horizontal tubes arranged beneath the upper drums and in a plane between said upper drums and the lower drums and connecting the rear water leg with sasl header.

2. Ina boiler, front and rear water legs, a pair of upper drums and a pair of lower drums communicating with said water legs,

vertical tubes connecting each upper drum Vith a lower drum, horizontal tubes disposed in the space between the upper drums and connecting the water legs, a header disposed between the water legs and communicating with both upper drums, and horizontal tubes arranged beneath the upper drums and in a plane between said upper drums and the lower drums and connecting the rear water leg with said header.

3. In a boiler, a front water leg, a rear water leg, al barrel, a fire-box structure between said water legs including a pair of upper drums, a pair of lower drums, said drums communicating with said water legs, and vertical water tubes connecting each upper drum with a` lower drum, a header disposed in said lire-box between said water legs and in communication with said upper and lower drums, and horizontally arranged water tubes extending longitudinally of the fire-box between the header and rear water leg and disposed beneath the upper drums.

4. In a boiler, a front water leg, a rear water leg, a barrel arranged in advance ofthe front water leg, a {ire-box structure between the water legs and including a pair of upper drums, a pair of lower drums, and water.- tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, said drums being in communication at their opposite endsV with the water legs and the upper drums extending beyond the front water leg into the barrel, a header in the ire-box structure at a level between the upper and lower drums and communicating with both pairs of drums, a set of horizontal water-tubes extending longitudinally oi the lire-box between the upper drums and connecting the front and rear water legs, and a set of horizontal water tubes extending longitudinally of the fire-box and eonnectin g the rear water leg with the header.

5. In a boiler, a. front water leg, a rear water leg, said water legs comprising Jfront and rear sheets, the rear sheet of the front water leg having an opening, a barrel connected to and extending in advance of the front water leg, a fire-box structure between the water legs including a pair of upper drums and a pair of lower drums connected to the front and rear water legs, and vertical water-tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, a flue sheet closing the opening in the rear sheet of the front water leg and lying in advance thereof in the plane between the sheets of the said water leg and extending the distance betweenthe upper and lower drums, hre-tubes connected with said sheet and extending intothebarrel, a vertical transverse header disposed in the fire-box adjacent to and in rear of said sheet and forming a bailleA said header communicating with the drums, a horizontal row of water-tubes connecting the rear water-leg with the header, a second horizontal row of upwardly and rearwardly inclined water-'tubes connecting the front and rear Awater legs, 1 a?, grate inA the fire-box, and afballle -disposeduV at "the front of the rire-bor` Aa-bove the `seeond'-nained row Ot horizontalwvater tuhe'sfand between the same and "the header Vand, first-named horizontalrowofiwaterltubes-` i i i f Inf a boiler, gapalrl of upper Adrunisfa. i .pair of i lower 1drunis a row of vertical water tubes connecting eaelrupperdruin with `a lowe1'dru1n, said druinsand tubes constitutneoted with said sheetandextending into` vsaid frontwater chamber, said fines receiving' the products of combustion passing from the re-box. i

l7, In ,a hoiler,1a pair of upper druxns,-a pair of lower drums, a row of vertical water tubes connecting each upper drum` with. a lower drurn,` said fdru'lnsand tubes eonstitut-- lngoompo'nent partsof `a fire-box, a barrel in advance. of the fire-box, hea-ting yineens in the iire-box,3a rear `water,ehainher in coinmunioaton with the rear ends 'of' the drums, a frontwaterlchaniber, a third water chainberseparate from thewalls of the .tire-box and arranged in said fire-bor; between the upper `and lowerdruinsysaid third water chamber extending edgewise' in a vertical plane and lengthwise `transversely or" 1 the fire-boxand Communicating.with the rear water yehalnbervand direct-ly` with the upper drums,` tubes connecting' saidthird water chamber with the lower dru1ns,a flue sheet at thegrearw of saidjljrontrwater ohainfberand extending verticallybetween"the drums, the upper drums having; theinforward en l tending threughhsaid sheet int-ol the ont ,water chamber and the-lower drumslniving,T their 'forward ,ends extending torwaidly throughsaid sheet andcommunicating with the front Wateneliamber, and liretubesc niineoted withsaid sheet and through said trent water vchamber and intothe barrehsaid fines i tubes,connectingeaeh-`upper druinr recevingvthe products of eoinbustionpassing from the lire-box." y r i l 8..,111` a boiler, a-pairof upper drums, a pair of lower drurns: a row of vertical w 1h' a lower drum, said drums 4and tubes constittua ing component parts ef a irebox, neat1ng i means in thetlre-liox, a rear water chamber "in` communication with the rear ends ofthe dri'inis, arontjvater ehamber, a barrel coininunjieating at ritsireai', end with the trent waterehainbeig a transverse header .in Vthe `upper drinne h.

fire-box` between thel upper and :lower drums and eonneotlng apair ot theigdrunia tubes connecting` said header with `the vdrums of theA other pair, a flue sheet at the rear of said @trout water ehaniber and extendlng vertically between the upper and lower drums, the

eeinniunieat iront water `elnunber and the barrel and the leweri drums having their forward ends extending through said sheet and eornnunicating withthe iront water oharnbeig and hre-tubes connected with said Vsheet and extending` through said front 'water chamber and inte the barrel, said fines `receiving the 'products of Combustionpassingfroin the fire-box.` i i 9. In a lheiler, a pair et upper drums, `a pairfef lower drums, a row olftubes `Connectin@ each upperlruin with a `lower drum, a i rear waterleg Communicating with both the upper andthelower drunisat their rea;` ends a front water leo' in communication with the f forward 4ends or both the upper druins'and the flower, dru1ns,sa1d drums,rjtubes `and waterlegs foriningoenstituent partszof a tirebozga barrel arranged: in adva'noe of the tire-V boX and connected to thefront water leg, `a supplemental water leg` in the re-boxand eoininunieating with the upper andflower drums.. Y i

10.` In a boiler, itrontandrear water legs,

each including inner and outer: sheets, upper and lower drums communicating at their ends with the water legs, water tubes conneetingieaeh upper drum with a lower drum,

`heating'means between the` lower drums, a

barrel connected with the outer sheet of the front water leg, the rearsheetof said i'ront water leg` havinga flue sheet portion offset therefrom `an d lying' inthe plane of said water legand betweenwthefrontend `rear sheets thereof, a third water leg arranged `between `the heating` means and upper drums "and `forming; ahaffle spaced from said heating,r

means andupperdrums andilying closevto but in rear of said oiiset line sheet q aortien so as to 'provide a eonibustion'ohamberthere# between,` water conducting Connections between said third waterleg and the upperand lower drums, and a banket fire-tubes counected with said offset portion of the front Jing 'their forward ends nrough said sheet with the water leg and extendinginto the barrel,` the vertical range ot' said banlr ef lire-tubes being apjpreliiniately equal to `the full distanoe between the upper and lower drums. i

1l. 'lin a boiler,` front and rear water legs, each including inner and outer sheets, upper and lower drums Communicating at their ends with the water legs, watertubes conneetinr `eaoh upper` drum with alower drinn, heating means between the lower drunisja ba rel connected with the outer sheetA of the front water leg, the rear sheet ott said water leg' 4'being provided with an odset. `portion lying in advance thereof and in the plane of the water leg be-tween its front and rear sheets, a third water leg arranged between the heating means and upper drums and forming a baille spaced from'said heating incansand upper drums and lying close to but in rear of said o'll'set flue portion so as to form a combustion chamber therebetween, water conducting connections between said third water leg and upper and lower drums, and lire-tubes connected with said offset portion of the inner sheet of the water leg and extending` forwardly through said water leg and into the barrel.

12. In a boiler, a rear water leg, a barrel, a steam generator therebetween including upper and lower drums communicating with the water leg and barrel, and tubes connecting the upper and lower drums, and a highlevel steam conductor extending longitudin ally between the water leg and barrel above the normal water and steam levels of said steam generator.

13. In a boiler, front and rear water legs, a steam generator therebetween including a pair of spaced upper drums and a pair of spaced lower drums communicating with the water legs and water tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, a barrel communicating with the front water leg, and a high-level steam conductor extending longitudinally between the water legs above the level. of the water and steam spaces of the upper drums.

14. In a boiler, front and rear water legs, a steam generator therebetween including at least a pair of upper drums and at least a pair of lower drums communicating with said water legs and water tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, and a high-level steam conductor connecting said water legs above the highest water and steam levels of said steam generator.

l5. In a boiler, a lire box shell including side walls, a steam generator in said shell including upper and lower drums and rows of inner and outer water tubes connecting the upper and lower drums at each side of the generator, said lower drums being arranged on the inner sides of and adjacent to the lower edges of the side walls of the shell and each lower drum comprising a body of substantially circular cross section and having in its top longitudinal rows of openings lying respectively centrally of said body and between the vertical center and outer end thereof and receiving the lower ends of the tubes, the said body being provided with a flattened lower face terminating above the plane of the lower edge of the adjacent side wall of the shell and having a lateral flange extending beyond the outer side of the drum body and bearing against said wall and also having an open ingl located between its vertical center and the outer side of the drum body, an insulating lining on the inner side wall of the shell between said shell and the outer side of the drum body, and a plate detachably secured to said flattened face and closing the opening and extending beneath said flange and in Contact with the side wall of the shell with its lower surface substantially flush with the lower edge of the latter.

16. In a boiler, a fire box having a combustion chamber, a barrel, a flue sheet at the front of the combustion chamber and between the same and the rear end of the barrel, a pair of upper and a pair of lower drums in said combustion chamber, water tubes lining each side of the combustion chamber and connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, fire tubes connecting with the flue sheet and extending into the barrel, heating means at the base of the combustion chamber between the lower drums, a baille subdividing the combustion chamber into lower and upper portions in communication at their rear ends and closed against communication at theirforward ends, and a vertical transverse header in said upper portion of the chamber between the baHle and upper drums and spaced therefrom and from the flue sheet and rows of water tubes to provide intervening passages for the flow of the products of com bustion, said header being in communication with the upper and lower drums.

17. In a boiler, a lire box shell, a steam generator within the shell including at least a pair of upper and a pair of lower drums and water tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, and a unitary water chamber independent of and spaced from the shell and extending lengthwise transversely of and in the space bounded by said generator and at a point between the front and rear ends thereof, and conductors connecting said chamber at its opposite ends with said pairs of upper and lower drums.

18. In a boiler, front and rear water legs, a ire box shell between said water legs, a steam generator wit-hin said fire box shell including a pair of upper drums and a pair of lower drums connected with said water legs, water tubes connecting each upper drum with a lower drum, and heating means arranged between the lower drums, the front water leg including a flue sheet lying within the plane of said water leg, a barrel connected to the forward side of the front water leg, fire tubes connected with said flue sheet and extending into the barrel, a baffle closing direct communication between the heating means and the fire tubes at the front of the fire box and dividing the lire box chamber into upper and lower portions communicating at the rear thereof, a vertical transverse header arranged between said baille and the upper drums close to and in rear of the flue sheet and spaced from said baille and drums and the walls of the lire box to form an intervening combuslll() lll) tion chamber and spaced from the drums, baie and water tubes header forthe How of the products of combustion fromsaid upper portion of the fire box chamber to said combustion chamber, and water flow connections between said header a and the upper drums and the lower drums.

19, In a boiler,'front and rear water legs, a iire box shell between said waterlegs, a

steam generator withinsaid iire box shell including apair ofupper drums and a pair of lower drumsl connected with said water legs, water tubes connecting eachupper drum with a lower drum, and heatingpmeansarranged between the lower drums, the front water leg including a flue sheet lying with-1 in the plane of said water leg, a barrel i connected to the forward side of front water "leg, fire tubes connected with said flue sheet the ends of the header for the flow of the products of combustion from said upper portion of the lire boxchamber to said combustion chamber, watertubes extending longii tudinally in said upper portion of the fire box chamber at an upward and rearward angle of inclination between the header and the rear water leg, and water flow connections between said header and and the lower drums, Y 20, In a boiler, a ire box structure including front and rear water legs, a lire box shell between the water `legs and steam Vgenerating means within the shell and between the water legs `and comprising a pair of upper drums, a pair of lower drums, water tubes connecting eachupper drum with a lower drum, and

the upper drums Aheating means between the lower drums, the

i front water leg having a flue sheet locatedin p a vertical plane between the `front and rear sides thereof, a barrel connectedto the front side of and extending in advance of said front water leg, lire tubes connected with the line p sheet and extending into the barrel, a header forming a third, water leg disposed adjacent to but in rear of said flue sheet and between the heating `means and upper' drums, said Aheader being incommunication with the upper and lower drums and spaced from the drums, water tubes, walls of the lire box and heating means to provide passagesfor the flow of the products of combustion about it,

to provide passages above, below and beyond the ends of the` theirearwater legi; i121. *Inu 'a boiler, a Lrear a steam generator therebetween iincluding `a pluralityofupperdrums, a plurality of lower drums, and waterltubeslconnectingeach upper drunnwith aV lower `drum; the 'upperv drums ex-1 and `water tubes connecting said hea-der with water leg, `a barrel, i

tendingforwardly beyond the steam genera` i `torandinto lthe barrel, a steam space being formed Abetween isaid' drums `and the top lof thefbarrel shell, fand high leve'l lsteamfpipe extend-ing rtherefromr forwardly along the steam generatorjabovethe level offtheu'pper drums and discharging into said steam space in the ba-rr'eh. j 3- i 1.

QQQLInabiler, `front and` rear waterlegs, a barrel, a steam generator arranged between said water legs and including a plurality of upper drums, a plurality of lower drums, water tubes connecting each u per drum `coinniunica ting with` said reanwater'le" and with a lower drum, and a depen ing waterc table bafle disposed between said front and rear water legs and communicating with said upper and lower drums, the upper drums exi tending forwardly'beyond the steam generator and into the barrel, asteam space being formed between said drums vand the top of the barrel shell, and ahigh level steampipe communicating with said rear water leg and steam generator above the level of the upper ,y H extending` therefrom forwardly along the drums and discharging intosaid steam space in the barrel.

23. In a boiler, p water leg, a barrel arranged in advance of the front water leg and connected therewith,

aiire box structure between the water legs and barrel, said structure including al pair of up;

per drums in communication with the water legs and barrel a air of lower drums and t b 9 l 7 side rows" of vertical water-tubes connecting each upper drum with sheet at the forward end of the lire boxand between the iire box and barrel,A fire-tubes connected with said sheet and extending into the barrel, a header in communication with the drums and disposed in the forwardpor-` tion ofthe lire box adjacent to said sheet, a grate in the fire box, a baille in the lire box between the grate and the header, said header being spaced from the-Hue sheet, the baffle, the upper drums `and-side rows of watertubesto provide `intervening passages for the products of combustion flowing from the grate to the fire tubes, and horizontalwatertubes connecting the header with the rear a `front water leg, a rear iio izo

tubes connecting each upper drum with .a a lower drum, said drums and tubes respectivei ly constitutingcomponent parts of the top wall and the sidewalls of a iire box, heating means in the fire box, a barrel, a rear water chamber in communication with the rear ends of the drums, a front water chamber with which the forward ends of the drums and the rea-r end of the barrel communicate, said chamber including a rear sheet having an opening therein inline with said fire b oX, alI flue sheet closing said openinge horizontal transverse water chamber arranged in the lire box atl e point between. the front and rear water chambersand at a level between the levels of the upper and lower drums andcommunicating with said drums,l and fire tubes connected with said flue sheet and extending into the barrel, said lues receiving the products of combustion passing from the lire box,

In testimony whereof I ailix my signature.

o JULIUS4 KINDERVATER.. 

